| Directory Services |
The following code example uses the ADSI implementation of the directory synchronization (DirSync) control to search the local domain partition of Active Directory for user objects changed since the previous call.
The code example uses the IDirectorySearch interface to search from the root of the domain partition. Before calling the ExecuteSearch method, the example calls the SetSearchPreference method to specify the ADS_SEARCHPREF_SEARCH_SCOPE, ADS_SEARCHPREF_DIRSYNC, and ADS_SEARCHPREF_TOMBSTONE search preferences. The scope must specify a subtree search. With the ADS_SEARCHPREF_DIRSYNC search preference, specify an ADS_PROV_SPECIFIC structure that contains the length of the cookie and a pointer to it.
The first time this application is called, it specifies a null cookie and a zero length. This causes the search operation to perform a full read, returning all the requested attributes for all objects that match the filter. Along with the search results, the server returns a valid cookie and the cookie length. On subsequent runs, the program retrieves the cached cookie and length and uses them to retrieve changes since the previous run.
Be aware that this sample simply caches the cookie and cookie length in the registry. In a real synchronization application, store the parameters in the same storage that you are keeping consistent with Active Directory. This ensures that the parameters and object data remain in sync if your database is ever restored from a backup.
[C++]
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <activeds.h>
#include <atlbase.h>
typedef struct {
WCHAR objectGUID[40];
WCHAR ADsPath[MAX_PATH];
WCHAR phoneNumber[32];
BOOL isDeleted;
} MyUserData;
// Forward declaration.
VOID BuildGUIDString(WCHAR *szGUID, LPBYTE pGUID);
VOID WriteObjectDataToStorage(MyUserData *userdata, BOOL bUpdate);
//********************************************************************
// DoDirSyncSearch
//********************************************************************
HRESULT DoDirSyncSearch(
LPWSTR pszSearchFilter, // Search filter.
LPWSTR *pAttributeNames, // Attributes to retrieve.
DWORD dwAttributes, // Number of attributes.
PUCHAR *ppCookie, // Pointer to previous cookie.
PULONG pulCookieLength, // Length of previous cookie.
LPWSTR szDC) // Name of DC to bind to.
{
IADs *pRootDSE = NULL;
IDirectorySearch *pSearch = NULL;
ADS_SEARCH_HANDLE hSearch = NULL;
ADS_SEARCHPREF_INFO arSearchPrefs[3];
ADS_PROV_SPECIFIC dirsync;
ADS_SEARCH_COLUMN col;
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
VARIANT var;
MyUserData userdata;
BOOL bUpdate = FALSE;
DWORD dwCount = 0;
// Validate input parameters.
if (!pulCookieLength || !ppCookie || !szDC) {
wprintf(L"Invalid parameter.\n");
return E_FAIL;
}
LPOLESTR szDSPath = new OLECHAR[MAX_PATH];
LPOLESTR szServerPath = new OLECHAR[MAX_PATH];
VariantInit(&var);
// If cookie is non-NULL, this is an update. Otherwise, it is a full-read.
if (*ppCookie)
bUpdate = TRUE;
CoInitialize(NULL);
// If there is a DC name from the previous USN sync,
// include it in the binding string.
if (szDC[0]) {
wcsncpy(szServerPath, L"LDAP://",MAX_PATH);
wcsncat(szServerPath, szDC,MAX_PATH-wcslen(szServerPath));
wcsncat(szServerPath, L"/",MAX_PATH-wcslen(szServerPath));
} else
wcsncpy(szServerPath, L"LDAP://",MAX_PATH);
// Bind to root DSE.
wcsncpy(szDSPath, szServerPath,MAX_PATH);
wcsncat(szDSPath, L"rootDSE",MAX_PATH-wcslen(szDSPath));
wprintf(L"RootDSE binding string: %s\n", szDSPath);
hr = ADsGetObject(szDSPath,
IID_IADs,
(void**)&pRootDSE);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
wprintf(L"failed to bind to rootDSE: 0x%x\n", hr);
goto cleanup;
}
// Save the name of the DC connected to in order to connect to
// the same DC on the next dirsync operation.
if (! szDC[0])
{
hr = pRootDSE->Get(CComBSTR("DnsHostName"), &var);
wcsncpy(szServerPath, L"LDAP://",MAX_PATH);
wcsncat(szServerPath, var.bstrVal, MAX_PATH-wcslen(szServerPath));
wcsncat(szServerPath, L"/", MAX_PATH-wcslen(szServerPath));
}
// Get an IDirectorySearch pointer to the root of the domain partition.
hr = pRootDSE->Get(CComBSTR("defaultNamingContext"), &var);
wcsncpy(szDSPath, szServerPath, MAX_PATH);
wcsncat(szDSPath, var.bstrVal, MAX_PATH - wcslen(szDSPath));
hr = ADsGetObject(szDSPath, IID_IDirectorySearch, (void**) &pSearch);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
wprintf(L"failed to get IDirectorySearch: 0x%x\n", hr);
goto cleanup;
}
// Initialize the structure to pass in the cookie.
// On the first call, the cookie is NULL and the length is zero.
// On later calls, the cookie and length are the values returned by
// the previous call.
dirsync.dwLength = *pulCookieLength;
dirsync.lpValue = *ppCookie;
arSearchPrefs[0].dwSearchPref = ADS_SEARCHPREF_SEARCH_SCOPE;
arSearchPrefs[0].vValue.dwType = ADSTYPE_INTEGER;
arSearchPrefs[0].vValue.Integer = ADS_SCOPE_SUBTREE;
arSearchPrefs[1].dwSearchPref = ADS_SEARCHPREF_DIRSYNC;
arSearchPrefs[1].vValue.dwType = ADSTYPE_PROV_SPECIFIC;
arSearchPrefs[1].vValue.ProviderSpecific = dirsync;
hr = pSearch->SetSearchPreference(arSearchPrefs, 2);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
wprintf(L"failed to set search prefs: 0x%x\n", hr);
goto cleanup;
}
// Search for the objects indicated by the search filter.
hr = pSearch->ExecuteSearch(pszSearchFilter,
pAttributeNames, dwAttributes, &hSearch );
if (FAILED(hr)) {
wprintf(L"failed to set execute search: 0x%x\n", hr);
goto cleanup;
}
// Loop through the rows of the search result.
// Each row is an object that has changed since the previous call.
hr = pSearch->GetNextRow( hSearch);
while ( SUCCEEDED(hr) && hr != S_ADS_NOMORE_ROWS )
{
ZeroMemory(&userdata, sizeof(MyUserData) );
// Retrieve the attributes for each object.
// With a DirSync search, a GetColumn call can return success even
// though no values are set for the specified attribute. If this
// happens, col.pADsValues is NULL; the following code checks
// col.pADsValues before trying to access it.
// Get the telephone number.
hr = pSearch->GetColumn( hSearch, L"telephoneNumber", &col );
if ( SUCCEEDED(hr) ) {
if (col.dwADsType == ADSTYPE_CASE_IGNORE_STRING && col.pADsValues)
wcscpy(userdata.phoneNumber, col.pADsValues->CaseIgnoreString);
pSearch->FreeColumn( &col );
}
// Get the isDeleted attribute.
hr = pSearch->GetColumn( hSearch, L"isDeleted", &col );
if ( SUCCEEDED(hr) ) {
if (col.dwADsType == ADSTYPE_BOOLEAN && col.pADsValues)
userdata.isDeleted = col.pADsValues->Boolean;
pSearch->FreeColumn( &col );
}
// Get the ADsPath.
hr = pSearch->GetColumn( hSearch, L"ADsPath", &col );
if ( SUCCEEDED(hr) ) {
if (col.dwADsType == ADSTYPE_CASE_IGNORE_STRING && col.pADsValues)
wcscpy(userdata.ADsPath, col.pADsValues->CaseIgnoreString);
pSearch->FreeColumn( &col );
}
// Get the objectGUID number.
hr = pSearch->GetColumn( hSearch, L"objectGUID", &col );
if ( SUCCEEDED(hr) ) {
WCHAR szGUID[40]; // string version of the objectGUID attribute
if ((col.dwADsType == ADSTYPE_OCTET_STRING) && col.pADsValues &&
(col.pADsValues->OctetString.lpValue))
{
BuildGUIDString(szGUID, (LPBYTE) col.pADsValues->OctetString.lpValue);
wcscpy(userdata.objectGUID, szGUID);
}
pSearch->FreeColumn( &col );
}
WriteObjectDataToStorage(&userdata, bUpdate);
dwCount++;
hr = pSearch->GetNextRow( hSearch);
}
wprintf(L"dwCount: %d\n", dwCount);
// After looping through the results, get the cookie.
if (hr == S_ADS_NOMORE_ROWS )
{
hr = pSearch->GetColumn( hSearch, ADS_DIRSYNC_COOKIE, &col );
if ( SUCCEEDED(hr) ) {
if (col.dwADsType == ADSTYPE_PROV_SPECIFIC && col.pADsValues)
{
wprintf(L"Got cookie\n");
*pulCookieLength = col.pADsValues->ProviderSpecific.dwLength;
*ppCookie = (PUCHAR) AllocADsMem (*pulCookieLength);
memcpy(*ppCookie, col.pADsValues->ProviderSpecific.lpValue,
*pulCookieLength);
}
pSearch->FreeColumn( &col );
} else
wprintf(L"no cookie: 0x%x\n", hr);
}
cleanup:
if (pRootDSE)
pRootDSE->Release();
if (pSearch)
pSearch->Release();
if (hSearch)
pSearch->CloseSearchHandle(hSearch);
VariantClear(&var);
CoUninitialize();
delete [] szServerPath;
delete [] szDSPath;
return hr;
}
//********************************************************************
// WriteObjectDataToStorage routine
//********************************************************************
VOID WriteObjectDataToStorage(MyUserData *userdata, BOOL bUpdate)
{
if (bUpdate)
wprintf(L"UPDATE:\n");
else
wprintf(L"INITIAL DATA:\n");
wprintf(L" objectGUID: %s\n", userdata->objectGUID);
wprintf(L" ADsPath: %s\n", userdata->ADsPath);
wprintf(L" phoneNumber: %s\n", userdata->phoneNumber);
if (userdata->isDeleted)
wprintf(L" DELETED OBJECT\n");
wprintf(L"---------------------------------------------\n");
return;
}
//********************************************************************
// WriteCookieAndDCtoStorage routine
// This example caches the cookie in the registry. In a real
// synchronization application, store these parameters in the
// same storage that you are keeping consistent with Active Directory.
// This ensures that the parameters and object data remain in sync if
// the storage is ever restored from a backup.
//********************************************************************
DWORD WriteCookieAndDCtoStorage(
UCHAR *pCookie,
ULONG ulLength,
WCHAR *pszDCName)
{
HKEY hReg = NULL;
DWORD dwStat = NO_ERROR;
// Create a registry key under
// HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Vendor\Product.
dwStat = RegCreateKeyExW(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
L"Software\\Microsoft\\Windows 2000 AD-Synchro-DirSync",
0,
NULL,
REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE,
KEY_ALL_ACCESS,
NULL,
&hReg,
NULL);
if (dwStat != NO_ERROR) {
wprintf(L"RegCreateKeyEx failed: 0x%x\n", dwStat);
return dwStat;
}
// Cache the cookie as a value under the registry key.
dwStat = RegSetValueExW(hReg, L"Cookie", 0, REG_BINARY,
(const BYTE *)pCookie, ulLength);
if (dwStat != NO_ERROR)
wprintf(L"RegSetValueEx for cookie failed: 0x%x\n", dwStat);
// Cache the cookie length as a value under the registry key.
dwStat = RegSetValueExW(hReg, L"Cookie Length", 0, REG_DWORD,
(const BYTE *)&ulLength, sizeof(DWORD) );
if (dwStat != NO_ERROR)
wprintf(L"RegSetValueEx for cookie length failed: 0x%x\n", dwStat);
// Cache the DC name as a value under the registry key.
dwStat = RegSetValueExW(hReg, L"DC name", 0, REG_SZ,
(const BYTE *)pszDCName, 2*(wcslen(pszDCName)) );
if (dwStat != NO_ERROR)
wprintf(L"RegSetValueEx for DC name failed: 0x%x\n", dwStat);
RegCloseKey(hReg);
return dwStat;
}
//********************************************************************
// GetCookieAndDCfromStorage routine
//********************************************************************
DWORD GetCookieAndDCfromStorage(
PUCHAR *ppCookie, // Receives pointer to cookie.
PULONG pulCookieLength, // Receives length of cookie.
WCHAR *pszDCName) // Receives name of DC to bind to.
{
HKEY hReg = NULL;
DWORD dwStat;
DWORD dwLen;
// Open the registry key.
dwStat = RegOpenKeyExW(
HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
L"Software\\Microsoft\\Windows 2000 AD-Synchro-DirSync",
0,
KEY_QUERY_VALUE,
&hReg);
if (dwStat != NO_ERROR) {
wprintf(L"RegOpenKeyEx failed: 0x%x\n", dwStat);
return dwStat;
}
// Get the length of the cookie from the registry.
dwLen = sizeof(DWORD);
dwStat = RegQueryValueExW(hReg, L"Cookie Length", NULL, NULL,
(LPBYTE)pulCookieLength, &dwLen );
if (dwStat != NO_ERROR) {
wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed to get length: 0x%x\n", dwStat);
return dwStat;
}
// Allocate a buffer for the cookie value.
*ppCookie = (PUCHAR) GlobalAlloc(GPTR, *pulCookieLength);
if (!*ppCookie) {
wprintf(L"GlobalAlloc failed: %u\n", GetLastError() );
return dwStat;
}
// Get the cookie from the registry.
dwStat = RegQueryValueExW(hReg, L"Cookie", NULL, NULL,
(LPBYTE)*ppCookie, pulCookieLength );
if (dwStat != NO_ERROR) {
wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed to get cookie: 0x%x\n", dwStat);
return dwStat;
}
// Get the DC name from the registry.
dwLen = MAX_PATH;
dwStat = RegQueryValueExW(hReg, L"DC name", NULL, NULL,
(LPBYTE)pszDCName, &dwLen );
if (dwStat != NO_ERROR) {
wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed to get DC name: 0x%x\n", dwStat);
return dwStat;
}
RegCloseKey(hReg);
return NO_ERROR;
}
//********************************************************************
// BuildGUIDString
// Routine that makes the GUID into a string in directory service bind form
//********************************************************************
VOID
BuildGUIDString(WCHAR *szGUID, LPBYTE pGUID)
{
DWORD i = 0x0;
DWORD dwlen = sizeof(GUID);
WCHAR buf[4];
wcscpy(szGUID, L"");
for (i;i<dwlen;i++) {
wsprintf(buf, L"%02x", pGUID[i]);
wcscat(szGUID, buf);
}
}
//********************************************************************
// main
//********************************************************************
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
DWORD dwStat;
ULONG ulLength;
UCHAR *pCookie;
WCHAR szDCName[MAX_PATH];
HRESULT hr;
if (argc==1)
{
// Perform a full synchronization.
// Initialize the synchronization parameters to zero or NULL.
wprintf(L"Performing a full sync.\n");
szDCName[0] = '\0';
ulLength = 0;
pCookie = NULL;
} else
{
// Perform an incremental synchronization.
// Initialize synchronization parameters from storage.
wprintf(L"Retrieving changes only.\n");
dwStat = GetCookieAndDCfromStorage(&pCookie, &ulLength, szDCName);
if (dwStat != NO_ERROR) {
wprintf(L"Could not get the cookie: %u\n", dwStat);
goto cleanup;
}
}
// Perform the search and update the synchronization parameters.
hr = DoDirSyncSearch( L"(objectClass=user)",
NULL, // Retrieve all attributes.
-1,
&pCookie,
&ulLength,
szDCName);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
wprintf(L"DoDirSyncSearch failed: 0x%x\n", hr);
goto cleanup;
}
// Cache the returned synchronization parameters in storage.
wprintf(L"Caching the synchronization parameters.\n");
dwStat = WriteCookieAndDCtoStorage(pCookie, ulLength, szDCName);
if (dwStat != NO_ERROR) {
wprintf(L"Could not cache the cookie: %u\n", dwStat);
goto cleanup;
}
cleanup:
if (pCookie)
GlobalFree (pCookie);
return 1;
}